Browse the atlas
OverWatts AtlasCountriesOwnersInsightsWireChangesSources Live map
Asset classes
- Transmission Line80,968
- Power Plant32,429
- Substation / Converter7,614
- Oil & Gas Field7,055
- Coal / Uranium Mine5,382
- Pipeline4,951
- Cement Plant3,513
- Data Centre3,283
- Iron & Steel Plant1,293
- LNG Terminal1,198
- Grid Storage965
- Iron Ore Mine949
- Chemical Plant868
- Interconnector704
- Export Terminal519
- Refinery279
- Storage / Tank Farm38
- Oil / Commodity Contract19
- Hydrogen Project18
- Carbon Capture (CCS)16
Chokepoints
Cross-layer insight
Refineries on a single crude lifeline
Inland refineries with no coastline depend entirely on one pipeline — and that dependence is now a target.
A coastal refinery can switch crude suppliers by re-routing a tanker. A landlocked one cannot: it lives or dies by the pipeline that feeds it. The Druzhba system supplying Hungary and Slovakia is the textbook case — repeatedly struck through 2025, with no maritime alternative for the refineries at its end.
Overlay refineries on the pipeline network and the chokepoints stand out: clusters of refining capacity hanging off a single line, where one incident upstream halts everything downstream.
Layers in this view
RefineriesPipelines
SOURCE: Global Energy Monitor — oil infrastructure & pipeline trackers (CC BY 4.0)